0:00 - 3:21 - Intro
- Introducing the third Step of the Movement Cycle
- Last week’s Podcast take home message
- CPG Introduction
3:22 - 6:23 - What’s a CPG?
- CPG’s stand for Central Pattern Generators
- CPG’s defined
- CPG’s are like the spinal cords pacemaker cells, they are responsible for walking, hopping, swimming, etc.
- CPG’s do not need any input from the Central Nervous System (Brain & Spine)
- Cat Experiment. CPG’s confused with Reflex Mechanisms
6:24 - 9:34 - How CPGs work
- Both are “ON”, one gets more “throttle”, by nature it depolarizes, allowing the partner neuron to be “ON”
- Sidenote: How Neurons work
- 2 drivers on CPG Behaviour, (1) what kind of chemical are released by the neurons (2) the way the neurons are connected on the CPG, like a Circuit Board
9:35 - 14:04 - How CPG’s incorporate feedback
- CPG’s can incorporate sensory feedback
- You could be completely unconscious and Your CPG’s could move Yu over obstacles
- 2 types of sensory feedback by Wolfgang Stein, (1) Local Feedback, (2) Long-loop feedback
- Local Feedback defined, independent of the CNS
- Local Feedback brken into 2 differnet categories, Sensory Input and Sensory feedback
- Sensory Input defined, CPG is watching what is happening.
- Sensory Feeedback defined, CPG has to respond.
- Almond-filled truffle example, You don’t consciously have to think “I don’t need to bite harder.”
- Local Sensory Feedback CPG’s range from ms - ~10secs
14:05 - 17:19 The 3 differnet Indices of Local Sensory feedback
- Corrective Input, Timing & Spatial Orientation, Stability
- Swimming examples for Corrective Input: CPG’s can respond faster than Your CNS can.
- Running examples for Timing & Spatial Orientation.
- Missing the step example, CPG is offline.
- Running Uphill examples for Stability
17:20 - 23:58 - A review of the nature of Left Hemisphere and Right Hemisphere
- Long-loop feedback is where CPG’s interface with the CNS.
- Is there a difference between the information the Left Hemisphere gives the CPG vs the Right Hemisphere.
- Left Hemisphere VS. Right Hemisphere Review
- Example of how the Left Hemisphere and Right Hemisphere operate in a real-worl example
23:59 - 27:00 - How CPG’s Interface with the Left Hemisphere (LHEM)
- The Left Hemisphere has no need for Sensory Feedback.
-There is ZERO direct relationship between CPGs and the Left Hemisphere
- Left Hemisphere leading will block the CPG activity by using neuromodulators
27:01 - 30:14 - Why this create problems in the Fascia
- The Brain runs programs. The Left Hemispher runs different programs than the Right Hemisphere.
- The Left Hemisphere looks to solve problems as possible.
- Windows 98 in 2023 analogy
- The Body has to compensate for Left Hemisphere’s ignorance; results in internal noise
- Internal noise leads to closing off space, bone deformation, muscular atrophy, etc.
- Forced, clunky, usually painful movement
30:15 - 34:32 - How CPG’s interface with the Right Hemisphere (RHEM)
- The Right Hemisphere is perfectionist in nature, and is stoked when it nails it.
- The Right Hemisphere makes room for Sensory information, especially from the CPG.
- Your Body is teaching You something new regularly.
- Niek’s Front Crawl swimming example.
- How the RHEM helps facilitate evolution over time
- RHEM has capacity to incorporate tactile sensation from Fascia
- RHEM can (1) Impact the Circuit Board (CPG) wiring (2) How CPG’s interact with eachother.
34:33 - 40:32 - Niek gets excited about CPG’s. How Movement Integration works.
- CPG’s are evolutionarily conserved, movement is not a think-through; You are designed to become a better mover without trying.
- How spinal injuries can be healed by focussing on CPG’s; it’s a sensory, bottom-up perspective.
- How to fast-track Movement Evolution
- The Body is designed to integrate into itself and into its environment.
- Niek summarizes the difference between Left Hemisphere and Right Hemisphere operation
RESOURCES:
Neuromodulation (Descending Neuronal Activity) Paper
Control of Mammalian Locomotion by Somatosensory Feedback
CPG Feedback Photo From Wolfgang Stein's paper
